Understanding pinches and their cause can be very useful in diagnosing column malperformance and unit bottlenecks, as well as for unit design and process optimisation. Mass transfer pinches turn out to be an important consideration in deep CO2 removal applications such as LNG and syngas processing. However, it is a relatively new requirement in the hydrocarbon processing industry, and there is still a lot of room for improving process understanding, and concurrently for process improvement. Treating to 100s of ppmv of CO2 has been common for many years in the production of ammonia and various synthesis gases. Producing LNG requires the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) to below nominally 50 ppmv to avoid hydrate and freezing issues during liquefaction. A large fraction of the gas that remains after liquids have been recovered from shale gas is being liquefied for export as LNG.
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